Mao vs. the Mahatma Violence vs. Non-Violence free essay sample

A study of the issues of violence vs. non-violence in the cases of Mao Tse Dung and Mohandas K. Gandhi. The paper weighs the issues of violence vs. non-violence and shows the lives and histories of Mao Tse Dung of China and Gandhi of India as examples. The paper discusses these two leaders who dealt extensively in their lifetimes with the struggle between violence and non-violence. It shows that on the surface, Chairman Mao espoused violence and used it as a tool to defeat an army of four million, gain power over a country with a trillion dollar economy and hold power for 25 years, and that Gandhi rose to power while leading a peaceful revolution among the 600 million Indian citizens Hindus and Muslims alike that resulted in tens of thousands of Indian deaths, very few British deaths, but eventually in Indian independence and creation of the largest democracy in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Mao vs. the Mahatma: Violence vs. Non-Violence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But indeed, Gandhi knew there was a place for violence as well. In a much forgotten move, Gandhi essentially postponed Indias peaceful revolution at the onset of World War II. He recognized Nazi Germany as a much more malevolent force than the British Empire, in all their imperial misery, could ever be. As a result, he led the movement for Indians not only to stop resisting the British during World War II, but to actually comply with their orders. In fact, India entered the war itself and was particularly helpful to Britain in the North African campaigns.

Free Essays on Youth Initiative

As political participation by young people is plummeting, the young political neophytes should be exposed to the different benefits of our democratic system. There are many groups involved in the pivotal steps to bring politics to youth, but the bottom line is to get the word out. The democratic system is so priceless that individuals should be taught the value of their contribution. Eighteen-year olds are usually found in the many high schools in the United States. Each political party should make themselves accessible to the many budding adults via different schools. When the parties go to these schools and establish relationships there will be a collaborative effort of the schools and the parties. The political parties will become involved in different school functions and the students will relate to the causes as time goes along. Through this social, students and politicians will have a chance to spread the message of their ideology in respect to politics. Students will walk away from this event and know something they had not known before. If the ideas presented to the students sound beneficial then they will be prone to participation. More and more will realize the potential of the ideas and a natural grouping will form of youth with common beliefs. Students look more towards mentors for guidance. Media plays a large role in disseminating the message of different political factions. A very large percentage of Americans do not know all the existent presidential candidates, such as grass roots campaigner Alan Keyes. Citizens can benefit by becoming aware of all the candidates so it is the obligation of media services to present these to them. Media can support in some way to bring politics into awareness. Television and Internet use for news is increasing and these mediums can be used to target potential political participants. A good way to learn is by example and political parties, teaching institutions, and media are impo... Free Essays on Youth Initiative Free Essays on Youth Initiative As political participation by young people is plummeting, the young political neophytes should be exposed to the different benefits of our democratic system. There are many groups involved in the pivotal steps to bring politics to youth, but the bottom line is to get the word out. The democratic system is so priceless that individuals should be taught the value of their contribution. Eighteen-year olds are usually found in the many high schools in the United States. Each political party should make themselves accessible to the many budding adults via different schools. When the parties go to these schools and establish relationships there will be a collaborative effort of the schools and the parties. The political parties will become involved in different school functions and the students will relate to the causes as time goes along. Through this social, students and politicians will have a chance to spread the message of their ideology in respect to politics. Students will walk away from this event and know something they had not known before. If the ideas presented to the students sound beneficial then they will be prone to participation. More and more will realize the potential of the ideas and a natural grouping will form of youth with common beliefs. Students look more towards mentors for guidance. Media plays a large role in disseminating the message of different political factions. A very large percentage of Americans do not know all the existent presidential candidates, such as grass roots campaigner Alan Keyes. Citizens can benefit by becoming aware of all the candidates so it is the obligation of media services to present these to them. Media can support in some way to bring politics into awareness. Television and Internet use for news is increasing and these mediums can be used to target potential political participants. A good way to learn is by example and political parties, teaching institutions, and media are impo...

Therearenoabsolutedistinctionsbetweenwhatistrueandwhatisfalse.Discuss Essay

Therearenoabsolutedistinctionsbetweenwhatistrueandwhatisfalse.Discuss this claim - Essay Example e bedrock of such misbehavior and ignorance resulting from such scenarios that people deny the absolute distinctions existing between truth and falsities. That is the reason, discussion examining the differences between what is true and what is wrong has almost always been a hot topic among sociologists and psychologists, who strive to find out the facts with the help of astute researches regarding whether there is any truth in the claim that â€Å"there are no absolute distinctions between what is true and what is false.† In my opinion, this statement or claim is unequivocally false and unjustified and I believe this because were it not for the clear distinction between truths and falsities, this world would have experienced long ago a horrible mess and pandemonium in no time at all. It is only because some people clearly see and realize the differences between the correct and incorrect actions that there is some peace left in this world. Agreeing on the doubtless boundary line marked between right and wrong is a factual and reality-based concept. â€Å"Absolutism† and â€Å"relativism† are two famous ethical approaches that are highly worth mentioning when discussing this claim that are the truths and falsities two entirely separate domains or not. Absolutism lays stress on the existence and applicability of moral or ethical standards and suggests that right is right and wrong is wrong and there is a clear difference between the good and bad actions. Believers of absolutism have a clear vision for identifying the morally justified deeds and know how to distinguish them from unethical and socially offensive actions. Respecting and abiding by the established moral laws is very important according to absolutism for preserving the traditional or conventional values, which reflect the obvious difference between just and unjust things. If the theory of absolutism is scrutinized, this much becomes clear that its whole philosophy strives to fulfill the obligation of

I am a liberal and I am a conservative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I am a liberal and I am a conservative - Essay Example Law – the enacted laws should be geared towards full equality of all citizens without consideration of social, educational, or economic status. In this regard, I prefer more freedoms for individual citizens such as the right to free abortion, allowing for gay marriages, rejection or elimination of the military draft or compulsory military service, allot more funds for basic stem cell research, encourage and defend the freedom of speech and assembly for people to air their grievances, impose more restrictions on the right to bear arms of private citizens, and abolish the death penalty for heinous crimes or recidivist criminals but instead impose longer life sentences or even a life sentence if deserved but subject to review for parole. Government – in this regard, I prefer that government should regulate prices of basic commodities, impose price controls on important services like utilities, and put Big Business under more scrutiny through stiffer regulatory oversight to prevent corporate abuses or a rise in their market power through such devices as monopolies or cartels. Government agencies should have a more direct role in the provision and regulation of essential public goods which affect the overall quality of life of every citizen, a hybrid form of social insurance. Economics – the government should impose fewer or lesser taxes so that rich people can re-invest their earnings or profits and thereby help create more jobs instead of agencies of government imposing their own ideas. Additionally, the government should lower interest rate so people can borrow money more easily for whatever purpose they see fit and government must reduce its spending, eliminate unnecessary social programs like free health care, welfare programs for the unemployed, food stamps, and other dole-outs to effectively balance budget. Law – abortion laws should be revoked and abortion made illegal because it is a form of murder of the innocents and defenseless, marriage

Phenomenology and building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Phenomenology and building - Essay Example Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to write a phenomenological account of Le Corbusier’s Chapelle Notre-Dame du-Haut at Ronchamp. This account emphasizing the qualities of one’s personal experience of the feelings, images and emotions evoked by the building will be related to its material, form and spaces. Le Corbusier states that â€Å"the purpose of architecture is to move us. Architectural emotion exists when the work rings within us in tune with a universe whose laws we obey, recognize and respect† (Fortkamp 39). Similarly, according to Heidegger’s (1962) theory underscoring the phenomenology of built spaces, â€Å"there is no being apart from a world, rather there is first and only a Being in the world† (Seamon 248). Norberg-Schulz (1971), Relph (1976) and other theorists have identified modes of spatial experience as evident in a loose, continuous occurrence ranging from the abstract, measured geometric space to the concretely experienced space of daily living referred to as lived space. Unlike Plato and Euclid’s conceptualization of geometry as the science of space, the phenomenological perspective considers geometric space as having â€Å"a powerful predictive capacity rather than any superior claims to truth† (Seamon 248), while perspectives and impressions of the lived space of the life world form the actual reality. The history of the site as well as that of the earlier predecessor buildings catalysed the creative imagination of Le Corbusier into developing the building as it now exists (Figure 1). The Chapelle Notre-Dame du-Haut at Ronchamp is a chapel of pilgrimmage located at an ancient pilgimmage site, standing on a hill above the village of Ronchamp on the southern edge of the Vosges mountains in France. The present building is used for religious purposes by the clergy. Le Corbusier’s mind took inspiration from an ancient era of human antiquity to create the

Listening report: Symphony No. 89 in F major

Listening report: Symphony No. 89 in F major I thought about few of the many song I know to write a report on, but I was not sure what which song was a right one. All the songs I know are short and do not last longer than fifteen minutes. So I decided to choose a symphony from Franz Joseph Haydn because he has composed over a hundred symphonies and he is known as the â€Å"Father of Symphony†. Symphony number 89 would was a random but great choice I made to write my listening report on, because I was simply born in the year 89. My report is base on all four movements of Symphony No. 89 in F Major. The entire symphony is about nineteen minutes long and remains peaceful and pleasing in all four movements. The first movement of Symphony No. 89 in F major starts with a vivace tempo meaning playing lively and fast. In fact forte staccato chords are played followed a piano melody. For me these melodies sound very peaceful and enjoyable. Just the start of this music piece, I can simply imagine this symphony being played and people dancing on a 1800s high social class celebration. In fact, I think is the mixed of high (treble clef) keys being played throughout entire movement makes the whole movement sound pleasing and a perfect combination for a symphony and to use it as a recording for any (high loyalty social class) special occasion or event. At approximately 3 minutes and 16 seconds of the movement, the theme starts to change, and I was able to hear the drum(s) played rapidly for a couple of seconds with other instruments. This change in melody is so great to hear because of the vibrations the instruments make. This approach introduces the new theme and makes the theme sound quieter tha n the first theme. Later on recapitulation, the music stays in tonic, but the themes are being developed. The music near the end makes the movement end with mystery music in which instruments are vibrating on certain times. Movement two of Symphony No. 89 starts an andante tempo with â€Å"con moto† meaning with motion. I found out that this movement is in a siciliano style that is part of the Baroque period. The movement starts with a slow beats, and throughout the movement remains calm. This movement I characterized as being relaxing. Besides, at approximately 2 minutes and 48 seconds the melody builds into a rapid and vibrated sound. This sound change continues for two or three times and has an effect on the ending of this movement. The rest of this movement continues to be calm, smooth, and quiet, but with different types of keys. In fact, this effect The third movement of this Symphony is played with minuet tempo. The movement starts with a sound that sounds like birds singing (like they want food or something else) but with different tone and not with high (treble clef) keys. This movement also remains calm but with different melody and with greater percentage of being enjoyable and to be dance on a special event. Besides, this movement is played with the wind band alone and is followed by a solo flute during the trio. The flute makes the rest of the movement to be pleasant with whole movement music to be effective in the way that music sounds with a humorous and amusing ending. Last but not least, the fourth movement is a total impressive finale. It is a concerto that has been extended to a rondo (in the ABACA form) plus an extended coda for this symphony. This movement was written to in a vivacetempo with assaimeaning quite fast. In fact, the sound or music for this movement is also calm and quietly but with speed. The whole movement has effective dynamics that makes the music remain continues throughout the end of the movement, and with constant keys that are used to show how the music can still have an impressive and extraordinary ending. In summary, all four movements have a peaceful and quiet sound that makes Symphony No. 89 to be calm and effective but with special particular keys. It is the use of F major keys that makes the music to have high (treble clef) keys, powerful and significant melodies as well as harmonious dynamics. I personally think Haydn Symphony No. 89 is one of the best symphonies I have heard. Is obvious that this symphony is nothing compared to Beethovens symphony no. 5. I think this symphony is somewhat opposite to Beethovens Symphony No. 5. Unlike any other symphony there is, this symphony creates a peaceful environment full with stimulating melodies and tone. All four movements were great to hear, and I think I would tried to listen to this symphony again whenever I can, especially, when I need to tranquilly go to sleep/rest for a pleasurable, and satisfying dream. Family Structure and Labour Market Comparison: UK and China Family Structure and Labour Market Comparison: UK and China China and the UK are the important developing and developed country respectively. However, China has 9.6 million square kilometres of land area and the world’s biggest population, which is very different from the UK. Therefore, in terms of demography, there are many differences between the two countries. In this essay, the similarities and differences of family structure and labour market will be compared and evaluated between China and the UK. First of all, this essay will focus on the similarities between the family structure and the labour market, then analyze their differences, before suggest reasons and consequences for them. When it comes to family structure, there are two similarities between China and the UK. The first similarity is that both China and Britain’s birth rates are below the world average. According to Central Intelligence Agency (2014) China’s birth rate is 12.17†° and the UK’s is 12.22†° while the world average is 18.7†°. Another similarity is that, in terms of divorce, infidelity is the second main reason for divorce both in China and the UK. The Daily Post (2005) reveals that â€Å" the next biggest factor was infidelity, an issue for 30% of the 546 divorcees in the YouGov poll†, while Chen weihua (2006) also reports about divorce in China, which points out that 27% divorce because of infidelity and it just follows the reason of incompatibility. However, there are also two differences between China and the UK. First of all, the number of dependent children in family is different, and the UK’s tends to be bigger than China’s. According to the Office for National Statistics (2013, p.3), the UK’s average number of dependent children per family is 1.7 in 2012. In contrast to this, according to the police of family planning in China, a couple can have 1.5 children on average in the mainland. As the fact that not everyone prefers to have a child or is able to have one, the actual number is lower than that. It is easy to be discovered that China’s families have fewer children than the UK’s. The second difference is that Chinese family size is bigger than the UK’s. The ONS (2013) released that in 2013 the UK’s family size was 2.4 people per household on average. With regard to China, the number was 3.02 (The National Health and Family Planning Council, 2014). The causes of above distinctions can be divided into three aspects. To begin with, different cultures contribute to these distinctions. British aspire to independence and freedom. However, Chinese family prefer to live together. The second reason is the one-child police in China, which results in a sharp decrease in the number of children. The fact is supported by Guo (2014, cited in Howden Zhou, 2014, p.354) and Lu (2013, cited in Howden Zhou, 2014, p.354), who estimated that â€Å"the 1CP prevented 400 million births between 1979 and 2009, almost 25 per cent of China’s present population.† Finally, different pension modes impact on the family structure of China and the UK. As British social security system is very sound, the elderly need not to live with their children to contain the living standards. Conversely, Chinese elderly people are supported by families. It limits the independence of the elderly and brings pressure on young couples, which in turn make them t end to have fewer children to reduce this stress. There comes to be some consequences of these differences. First of all, the decrease in the number of children helps to promote the position of Chinese women. Gender plays a significant role in traditional Chinese family structure, as the male have more discourse power in the family. However, Fong (2002, cited in Feng et al., 2014, p.21) indicates that the circumstance transforms when the only child is a daughter. There is no other choice for only-daughter Chinese families and they have to cultivate the only daughters the same as sons, which makes a contribution to equality between sexes in both personal development and marital relations. On the other hand, it also brings drawbacks. Only children are usually spoiled, unlike the UK’s families, most Chinese families will meet all the requirements of the only child. As a consequence, only children often behave selfish and lack of self-care ability, which is very harmful to their long-term development. Lastly, Chinese are easy to worry about the future, whereas British need not to think much about the old age. Chinese face to strong pressure of life and have to work hard to improve their living standards, Having considered family structure, now I will move on to labour market. In aspect of labour market, the similarities come to be two. Firstly, in China and Britain, personal income tax additional rates are the same. According to GOV.UK (2014), the income tax additional rate is 45% from 6 April 2014 to 5 April 2015. Although China and the UK’s personal income tax thresholds are different, both of their additional rates are 45%. Furthermore, the second similarity is approximate social security rates for employees. In China it is 11% while in the UK it comes to be 12%, which is very close to China’s. In addition to the similarities, there are two differences. Initially, China has a bigger labour force population than the UK. According to Casale and Zhu (2013), at the beginning of 2012, China had 764 million population in employment. With regard to the UK, the number of employment was 30.79 million (ONS,2014). Another difference is protection for workers. There is little workers’ hurt in the UK, whereas China has many reports about hurt and injustice for workers. For example, since January 23, 2010 to November 5, 2010, Foxconn, the worlds biggest contract electronics supplier, had occurred 14 suicide incidents, which shocked the whole China, and some media outlets said that pressure was to blame. Two reasons for these differences will be analysed. The main reasons for these distinctions are due to the different population and socio-economic development status. Initially, one of the main reasons is different population. The total population of Chinese mainland was about 1.34 billion, whereas the UK’s population was 64.1 million (ONS, 2014). Enormous population disparities lead to a huge difference in labor market scales between the two countries. A further reason comes to be different social and economic development status. The UK is a mature developed country whereas China is a developing country with many aspects imperfect. Economic profits are focused on while workers’ rights, which should be taken into consideration, are ignored. These differences in labour market also bring three different influences on people’s lives in the two countries. One of the effects is the different labour cost. China’s labour cost is obviously lower than the UK’s. British are reluctant to do physical labour. For example, in China, if a customer buy the floor, the shop usually is responsible for free installation, when it comes to the UK, the installation fees may be more expensive than the floor itself. Another influence on employees is working hours. Chinese people tend to work for longer time than British, as supported by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2013), who resealed that Chinese worked 2209 hours per year on average in 2009, while in the same year the British annual working time was 1651 hours. The fierce competition makes Chinese work hard under great stress. The last impact is gender discrimination and it becomes a problem in China that female candidates are treated unfairly. As recruiters have bigger options, if they can choose a man, they will not select a woman, because women may need maternity leave in the future. In this essay, the similarities and differences of family structure and labour market are indicated between China and the UK. These differences are caused by many aspects, which vary in societies, economy, culture and laws. By analyzing these differences, some disadvantages in China’s development have been discovered. In terms of one- child police and labour protected, much work should be done to reduce the negative effects and protect the interests of vulnerable groups.

Change Blindness Essay -- Health Medical Medicine Essays

Change Blindness After investigating spatial cognition and the construction of cognitive maps in my previous paper, "Where Am I Going? Where Have I Been: Spatial Cognition and Navigation", and growing in my comprehension of the more complex elements of the nervous system, the development of an informed discussion of human perception has become possible. The formation of cognitive maps, which serve as internal representations of the world, are dependent upon the human capacities for vision and visual perception (1). The objects introduced into the field of vision are translated into electrical messages, which activate the neurons of the retina. The resultant retinal message is organized into several forms of sensation and is transmitted to the brain so that neural representations of given surroundings may be recorded as memory (2). I suggested in my previous paper that these neural representations must be maintained and progressively updated with each successive change in environment and movement of the eye. Furthermore, I claimed that this information processing produces a constant, stable experience of a dynamic, external world (1). However, myriad studies and the testimony of any motorist who has had the unfortunate experience of hitting an unseen object, contradict the universality of that claim and illuminate a startling reality: human beings do not always see those objects presented in their visual field nor alterations in an observed scene (3,4,5,6,7,8,9). The failure to consciously witness change when distracted for mere milliseconds by saccade or artificial blink events is referred to as "change blindness." In order to comprehend this phenomenon, the physical act of looking and the process of seeing must be diffe... ...47/print 5)Cognet, a site on Cognition http://cognet.mit.edu/perspective/item.tcl?msg_id=00005N 6)Memory For centrally attended changing objects in an incidental real world change, An article by Levin, Simons, Angelone, and Chabris http://wjg.harvard.edu/~cfc/Levin2002.pdf 7) Scott-Brown, K.C. & Orbach, H.S. (1998) "Contrast Discrimination, Non-Uniform Patterns and Change Blindness". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 256 (1410): 2159-2164. 8)Max Planck Institute http://wjg.harvard.edu/~cfc/Levin2002.pdf 9)A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness , Behavioral and Brain Sciences article from 2001 http://www.bbsonline.org/documents/a/00/00/05/06/bbs00000506-00/index.html 10)Glasgow Caledonian University, current research in vision sciences http://www.gcal.ac.uk/sls/Vision/index.htmlresearch/current_research/h.html

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Satire Terms Analysis Essay

â€Å"Her face is smooth, calculated, and precision-made, like an expensive baby-doll, skin like flesh-colored enamel, blend of white and cream and baby blue eyes, small nose, pink little nostrils-everything working together except the color on her lips and fingernails, and the size of her bosom. A mistake was made somehow in manufacturing, putting those big, womanly breasts on what would of otherwise been a perfect work, and you can see how bitter she is about it. Incongruity: Something strangely, shockingly, or ridiculously out of place Analysis: In this passage, after Nurse Ratched enters the room in a typical day on the ward, Chief Bromden’s description of her as perfection is juxtaposed by his actual intention to emphasize her big flaw. Chief Bromden begins this paragraph with the positive side of the nurse. He claims how perfect she looks with her â€Å"smooth, calculated and precision-made† face, comparing her to a â€Å"baby-doll. Chief Bromden is trying to make her look like a goddess without any faultiness in her image. While all these pretty dictions such as the â€Å"baby blue eyes† and the â€Å"small nose† have been used, he begins to point out her defects by inserting the word â€Å"except† and emphasizing miniscule details of her – â€Å"the color [of] her lips, her fingernails and the size of her bosom. † This is very incongruous to her overall appearance of being a perfect human being. Moreover, he says that Nurse Ratched is a â€Å"mistake in manufacturing,† suggesting her machine-like quality and comparing Nurse Ratched to inanimate product made in a factory. Her â€Å"womanly breasts† with all the defects mentioned above reflect another idea. Chief Bromden suggests that â€Å"breasts,† which symbolizes womanhood, as the deformity implying her unfitness to rule over the patients in the ward despite all the other perfect qualities that she has. Throughout the book, Kesey uses this character of Nurse Ratched to suggest how even a perfectly-looking person or in extreme, a dictator is the same human being as the oppressed with humanly defects and how the strong individual idea led him or her to have an authority over the majority of the people. Thus, the author clearly establishes the importance of individuality and nonconformity to suggest how the American government tried to get the people to conform under the unrest especially due to the protest against the involvement in the war.

LBJ1 essays

LBJ1 essays Describe the successes and failures of president Johnson in his attempt to build a great society in the U.S.A in the years 1963-1968 A third of a century after Lyndon B. Johnson abandoned his five-year roller coaster as president; his attempts for the betterment of mankind were not always met with approval. Conservatives disdain his Great Society, while liberals excoriate his Vietnam policy. Reganites group Johnsons tenure with the Nixon, Ford, and Carter administrations in a quartet of presidential failures that precipitated their revolution in the transformation of America and her people. Yet Lyndon Baines Johnson was one of the great Liberal nationalists of the American century. In Congress, by crossing the views of Southern populism with the rapidly expanding Northern progressivism he harnessed federal power to modernize the South. As a president, he soothed a nation reeling from Kennedys assassination, fathered civil rights legislation, and crusaded to conquer poverty in his fanciful attempt to become the greatest presidential reformer in the countrys history. It was in his firs 15 months that Mr. Johnson best demonstrated the qualities for which he hoped to be remembered. By masterly managing the transition of power from the slain president to himself, by restoring faith in the viability of the American System of divided legislature and executive powers, by proving the nations capacity to withstand the horror of assassination and by persuading the world of the strength and continuity of America and her institutions. Shrewd management of his relations with Congress brought about quick action on a tax-cut bill only weeks after Mr. Johnson became President. He paved the way for the $11-billion cut slashing the budget, which apparently impressed the economic blocs. In July 1964, Mr. Johnson proudly signed into law the most sweep...

Lab report on enzyme activity. Essay Example

Lab report on enzyme activity. Essay Example Lab report on enzyme activity. Paper Lab report on enzyme activity. Paper The reactant an enzyme acts on is referred to the enzymes substrate. The enzyme will combine with or to its substrate. While the two are joined, the substrate is converted to its product by catalytic action of the enzyme. There is an active site of the enzyme molecule which is a restricted region that actually attaches to the substrate. Usually the active site is formed by only a few of the enzymes amino acids, the rest is just the framework that reinforces the active site. In an enzymatic reaction, the substrate enters the active site then is held in place by weak bonds. Now the enzyme does its work and first changes shape so it can hold onto the substrate. Next the substrate is changed to its product, the product is released and the enzymes active site is ready and waiting for another molecule of substrate. Amylase is an enzyme in human saliva and in other organisms and its substrate is starch. When the active site of amylase binds with the starch, hydrolysis takes place. When the hydrolysis (the breaking of a chemical bond with the insertion of the ions of a water molecule) of starch is complete you are left with a saccharine called maltose. Enzymes are necessary for metabolic reactions, the question pose is thisdo variances of temperature, pH, substrate and enzyme concentration affect the rate of reaction? METHOD To prepare for the experiment the following equipment was assembled: a spot plate, a test tube with amylase and starch in it, a Pasteur pipette, and iodine. The spot plate was labeled in time intervals each two minutes apart. A drop of iodine was placed in each area of the spot plate. This will demonstrate how long it takes the amylase to hydrology the starch. Using the pipette, a drop or two of the amylase/starch mixture was placed in one circle containing iodine on the spot plate. If the iodine turned blue, the hydrolysis is incomplete and the test was repeated at two minute intervals. If it remains the color of iodine the reaction is complete. The time that elapsed from the beginning of the the reaction is noted. To test the affect of temperature differences on the reaction 4 test tubes with a starch/amylase mixture were labeled at different degrees C. C, ICC, ICC, ICC. The test tubes were immersed in 4 water baths that were at the temperature babbled on the test tubes. The test tubes were left immersed for 10 minutes. The procedure noted above with iodine was followed for each test tube and the results documented. To test the effect of pH on the rate of hydrolysis 4 buffered solutions of pH 1. 0, 3. 0,7. 0 and 10. 0 were prepared . 4 test tubes were labeled with the different pH levels. The appropriate buffer solution was added to each test tube. Next . 5 ml of amylase was added to each test tube. The test tubes were plugged and inverted to mix the contents. Beginning with the test tube with lowest pH, 10 ml of starch as added to each tube. The tubes were again plugged and inverted to mix the contents. Again the procedure with the iodine was followed and the results documented. To test the effect substrate has on the rate of hydrolysis 4 test tubes were labeled with the following substrate dilutions: 50%, 25%, 10% and 5%. In the 4 test tubes, the following starch solutions were prepared: Dilution Starch Water Ion-II Ion-II ml ml ml ml 5% Mil ml . 1 ml of amylase was added to each test tube and the procedure with the iodine was followed and the results documented. To test the effect of enzyme concentration on hydrolysis, 4 test tubes were labeled with the following enzyme dilutions: 5%, 2. 5%, 1%, . 5%. In the 4 test tubes, the following enzyme solutions were prepared: Dilution Amylase Water 5% 2. Mm 0. Ml 2. 5% I. Mol I. Mol 1% . Ml 1. Ml . Mi 1. Ml Then ml of starch to each tube, the procedure with the iodine was followed and the results documented. RESULTS Upon the conclusion of the test, it was determined that variances of temperature, pH, substrate and enzyme concentration did affect the rate of he reaction. Different than what a person may think, the rate of reaction was longer with the colder temperature and the highest temperature. The rate if reaction shortened with the middle temperatures of 24 and 40 degrees C. In the test of the pH variances, again the results showed the longest rate of reaction in the highest and lowest pH levels. The rate of reaction decreased when the pH level changed from 3. 0 to 7. 0. The substrate concentration variances showed a steady increase in the rate of reaction in relation to increase of concentration. The enzyme concentration showed a steady decrease in the rate of reaction in relation to increased concentration. All raw data is stated in graphs at the end of this report. CONCLUSION It was confirmed in this experiment that changes in the environment like temperature, pH levels, substrate and enzyme concentrations did effect the rate of reaction. It really should be evident that the substrate and enzyme concentration levels would effect the rate of reaction the was they did as it was noted in the intro of the paper the role each one of these plays in the reaction process.

Project Management Academic Project Report Essay

Project Management Academic Project Report - Essay Example Enthusiasm about chances for success of this project is disagreed upon weakly (3). Support from top management another strong critical factor scoring an average percentile of 64.5 percent. Both the EMEA general manager and EMEA project manager indicated a 66 percent score, the head office engineers recorded an 83 percent score and EMEA engineers came in with the lowest score of 43 percent. It is moderately disagreed (2) that the management will support project personnel in a crisis (Pinto 1990, 173). The third strong factor in EMEA project is the technical tasks that, on average, had a percentile score of 82.25%. EMEA project manager had the highest individual percentile score in regards to technical tasks, 94% while head office engineers scored 89% on their ranking for technical tasks. The EMEA general manager was third, scoring a 77%, while EMEA engineers were last with a 69% score. There was, however, no disagreement on technical support. The average percentile score of 60.5% qualifies client acceptance as the other strong critical factor in the set of ten. EMEA project manager had the highest percentile score of 97% with respect to client acceptance and the head office engineers followed with a 63% score. EMEA engineers scored 51% on client acceptance while EMEA general manager scored the least with a 31%. It is weakly disagreed (3) that there is adequate presentation of the project has been developed for clients (Pinto 1990, 173). The average percentile score for monitoring and feedback as the other strong critical factor is 63.5%. EMEA project manager had the highest individual percentile score in monitoring and feedback, scoring 89%. EMEA general manager was second with an individual percentile score of 77% and EMEA engineers who scored 51% followed. The lowest scorer in monitoring and feedback were the head office engineers with a 37%. It is moderately disagreed (2) that the actual progress is regularly compared with the project

Corporate Restructuring Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate Restructuring - Case Study Example Organizations need to be more efficient and effective to ward off the challenges of deregulation and hence increased competition. As a result of increased market pressures, it is unavoidable that organizations analyze and redesign all aspects of their business to remain competitive. Companies around the world are awaking to new realities of an intensively competitive domain and have been undertaking extensive restructuring both at the operational and at the strategic levels. Organizations around the world need to make more decisive choices and take the challenges to leap frog to the next phase of growth. Business portfolios need to be restructured and realigned to assimilate the effects of globalization and deregulation. Companies all over the world are exploring various restructuring methodologies such as Cost cuttings, better customer relationship management, Resource Planning, mergers, takeovers and buy-outs to pursue focused growth. Citicorp: Citicorp was the descendant of City Bank of New York which was founded On June 16, 1812, with $2 million of capital, later, in 1968 renamed as First National City Bank. Large corporate banking was the core business of Citicorp and was one of the largest banks in the United States at the time of its merger with Travelers Group. Traveler Traveler Group: Insurance titan Travelers was founded in 1864 in Hartford, Connecticut. In the 1990s, Travelers went through a sequence of mergers and acquisitions, First with Primerica in 1993 and then Aetna's property and casualty business in 1996. Traveler was the first company in America to insure against accidents and to introduce automobile insurance policy. Making of the Giant - Acquisition In October 1996, Citigroup, Inc. was formed after a $70 billion Merger between Citicorp and the Travelers Group. The Travelers Insurance acquisition added property and casualty, and life and annuities underwriting capabilities to the group. It also brought along the Travelers red umbrella logo, which they applied to all the businesses within the group. One notable exception is Citibank, whose logo is Citibank with a red arc over the't'. The Citicorp-Travelers merger has represented a new era of inorganic growth. Motives behind Merger The merger of Citicorp and Travelers Group took place in 1998 against the prevailing US laws such as Glass-Steagall Act which prohibited the merger of a bank with an insurance underwriter. In year 1999, before the trial period provided by Glass-Steagall Act could end, new law, Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act which invalidated previous law was framed, this validated the merger. The main official motive behind this merger was expanding their product mix, customer base and ", achieve cost savings and synergies" and "to leave a bigger footprint". Restructuring after Merger Weill, then CEO of Traveler Group, proposed a structure of co-CEO's, in order to convince Citicorp to merge, consisting himself and John Reed, CEO of Citicorp. This strategy was believed unworkable by many business research analysts. Former Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin was brought in as a moderator between Reed and Weill . But, conflicts within the company eventually forced Reed to come out of the conglomerate. Later three co-CEO's were inducted